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Biofunctionalized Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Multimodal Molecular Imaging Applications

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Rational Design of New Biocompatible Near-Infrared Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.

Aristea Pavlou^1,2,3, Athanasios Katsouras^2,4, Maria Markou²

¹Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.

|March 2, 2026

Summary

New conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) show promise for cancer theranostics, offering enhanced fluorescence imaging and biocompatibility. This study highlights their potential while emphasizing the need for rational design strategies in CPN development.

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Area of Science:

Nanomaterials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are vital for cancer theranostics, enabling fluorescence imaging and therapy.
A gap exists in rational design strategies and structure-property relationships for CPN development.
Optimized CPNs are crucial for early cancer detection and image-guided surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers (CPs) for CPNs.
To evaluate the impact of different donor groups on CPN optical and biological properties.
To investigate the cellular uptake mechanism of CPNs in cancer cells.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of D-A CPs with varying donor groups.
Characterization of CPN optical properties (fluorescence intensity, photostability).
In vitro biocompatibility and cellular uptake studies using HCT-116 and HUVEC cells.

Main Results:

Synthesized CPNs exhibited enhanced fluorescence intensity in aqueous media and good photostability.
CPNs demonstrated nontoxicity, strong fluorescence, and biocompatibility with HCT-116 and HUVEC cells.
The study provides the first investigation into the cellular uptake mechanism of CPNs in HCT-116 cells.

Conclusions:

Developed CPNs show significant potential as fluorescent contrast agents for HCT-116 cancer imaging.
Findings underscore the need for rational design frameworks to advance CPN development.
This research contributes to the systematic advancement of CPNs for theranostic applications.