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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring

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Published on: June 23, 2015

Unilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney in a Fetus Associated With Parental Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors:

Zuhayr Khan¹, Mahsum Jafri², Constantino G Lambroussis³

¹General Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA.

|March 2, 2026

Abstract

None:

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital renal anomaly identified on prenatal ultrasound. They often arise sporadically and unilaterally. Our case involves an isolated unilateral MCDK in a fetus born to a mother with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with the father having chronic occupational lead exposure and a congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A (PMM2-CDG). Our case highlights the multifactorial etiology of renal dysplasia and its potential role of glycosylation defects and environmental toxicity in abnormal kidney development. Contributions from genetic, environmental, and metabolic influences during nephrogenesis contribute to MCDK.

Keywords:

environmental lead exposure fetal macrosomia genetic and environmental risk factors genetic risk factors kidney ultrasound multicystic dysplastic kidney multifactorial etiology nephrogenesis ocd/anxiety disorders unilateral renal cystic disease

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A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations

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