[Artificial urinary sphincter: contemporary overview of evidence, long-term outcomes, and clinical practice]

Since its introduction in 1974, the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been considered the gold standard for treatment of moderate to severe male stress urinary incontinence.

This article provides an overview of perioperative management and long-term outcomes, offering an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice.

Current evidence on patient selection, preoperative diagnostics, surgical techniques, long-term outcomes, and management of complications was reviewed, based on recent studies, multicenter cohorts, and registry data.

The implantation of an AUS generally results in high continence rates and substantial improvement in quality of life. Perioperative risk factors, including prior radiotherapy, diabetes mellitus, or previous urethral procedures, increase the likelihood of postoperative complications such as infections, urethral erosions, or mechanical failure. Specialized centers with extensive experience achieve better functional outcomes and lower revision rates. Despite potential complications, most patients report sustained satisfaction and an improved quality of life following AUS implantation.

The AUS is an effective treatment option for moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence. Perioperative risk assessment, specialized implantation techniques, and treatment in experienced centers are crucial for therapeutic success. Prospective registry and multicenter data provide valuable guidance for evidence-based patient selection, complication management, and of long-term outcome optimization.