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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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Published on: July 23, 2012

Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm and Neuroinflammation.

Guocheng Mei1,2, Huiqiong Pan1,3,4,5, Jinyu Zheng6

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Neuroendocrinology
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The biological clock, or circadian rhythm, influences brain inflammation. Disrupting this daily cycle can worsen central nervous system diseases, offering new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Circadian clockCircadian rhythmNeuroendocrineNeuroinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • The circadian rhythm is an endogenous 24-hour cycle regulating physiological and behavioral processes.
  • Disruptions to the circadian rhythm are increasingly linked to central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
  • Understanding the interplay between the biological clock and neuroinflammation is crucial for disease intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental mechanisms of the circadian timing system.
  • To analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation.
  • To elucidate the relationship between circadian rhythm disruption and neuroinflammation in CNS diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circadian rhythms and neuroinflammation.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammation (initiation, glial activation, neurovascular unit, oxidative stress, metabolism).
  • Examination of circadian clock's role in each stage of neuroinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythm disruption impacts the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation.
  • Specific molecular pathways link circadian mechanisms to glial cell activation, neurovascular integrity, oxidative stress, and cellular metabolism.
  • The biological clock plays a significant role in modulating the neuroinflammatory response.

Conclusions:

  • The circadian timing system is intrinsically linked with neuroinflammatory processes.
  • Circadian mechanisms influence key aspects of neuroinflammation, including glial activation and oxidative stress.
  • Targeting circadian pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases associated with neuroinflammation.