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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

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Published on: August 11, 2008

Principles and priorities for integrated tuberculosis screening and care: A modified Delphi consensus exercise.

Claire Jacqueline Calderwood1,2,3, Tenzin Kunor4, Mikaela Coleman5,6,7

  • 1Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

PLOS Global Public Health
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Integrated tuberculosis (TB) screening and care is highly valued by global experts. This international consensus supports research and policy development for improved TB service delivery to affected households.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects vulnerable communities, presenting opportunities for integrated health services.
  • Current TB diagnosis can be leveraged to expand health services to TB-affected households.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if and how expanded health services should be offered to individuals with TB and their households.
  • To achieve international consensus on integrated TB screening and care delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Modified Delphi process involving two online survey rounds with international experts.
  • Panellists included researchers, service providers, policymakers, and community members.
  • Data analysis included inductive thematic analysis and calculation of agreement percentages.

Main Results:

  • Strong global support (98%) for expanded and integrated TB services for individuals and (84%) their households.
  • Consensus reached on motivations for integration, including improved TB outcomes and increased screening/preventive treatment uptake among contacts.
  • High agreement (>99%) on routine screening for non-TB conditions in TB patients; consensus (93%) on integrating TB screening with other population-wide screenings.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated TB screening and care is highly valued by global TB experts, providing a strong mandate for further action.
  • International consensus supports research into the feasibility and effectiveness of integrated TB service delivery.
  • Findings provide a basis for further policy and guideline development for integrated TB services.