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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Principles and priorities for integrated tuberculosis screening and care: A modified Delphi consensus exercise.
Claire Jacqueline Calderwood1,2,3, Tenzin Kunor4, Mikaela Coleman5,6,7
1Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
PLOS Global Public Health
|March 2, 2026
Summary
Integrated tuberculosis (TB) screening and care is highly valued by global experts. This international consensus supports research and policy development for improved TB service delivery to affected households.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects vulnerable communities, presenting opportunities for integrated health services.
- Current TB diagnosis can be leveraged to expand health services to TB-affected households.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if and how expanded health services should be offered to individuals with TB and their households.
- To achieve international consensus on integrated TB screening and care delivery.
Main Methods:
- Modified Delphi process involving two online survey rounds with international experts.
- Panellists included researchers, service providers, policymakers, and community members.
- Data analysis included inductive thematic analysis and calculation of agreement percentages.
Main Results:
- Strong global support (98%) for expanded and integrated TB services for individuals and (84%) their households.
- Consensus reached on motivations for integration, including improved TB outcomes and increased screening/preventive treatment uptake among contacts.
- High agreement (>99%) on routine screening for non-TB conditions in TB patients; consensus (93%) on integrating TB screening with other population-wide screenings.
Conclusions:
- Integrated TB screening and care is highly valued by global TB experts, providing a strong mandate for further action.
- International consensus supports research into the feasibility and effectiveness of integrated TB service delivery.
- Findings provide a basis for further policy and guideline development for integrated TB services.
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