Correcting Astigmatism Using Toric Intraocular Lenses During Cataract Surgery

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Refractive Surgery

Background:

• Astigmatism is a common refractive error, often requiring correction during cataract surgery.
• Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are the established standard for managing astigmatism in this patient population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current evidence on toric IOLs for astigmatism correction in cataract surgery.
• To review clinical indications, surgical outcomes, and emerging technologies related to toric IOLs.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted.
• Searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, etc.) up to June 2025.
• Included reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines on toric IOLs.

Main Results:

• Eighty-five reviews were analyzed, covering astigmatism prevalence, toric IOL technology, and surgical aspects.
• Key outcomes included rotational stability, surgically induced astigmatism, and patient-reported outcomes.
• Discussed reporting standards, adverse events, and special populations.

Conclusions:

• Toric IOLs significantly improve visual acuity and refractive outcomes in cataract patients with astigmatism.
• Advancements in diagnostics, lens design, and surgical tools enhance accuracy and satisfaction.
• Further research is recommended to address knowledge gaps and optimize clinical practices.