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Related Concept Videos

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Lasing-like dynamics with virtual gain driven by complex-frequency excitations.

Boyi Xue1, Ruixiang Zhang1, Yicheng Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications Global College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Nature Communications
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual gain in passive microcavities mimics laser dynamics without active media. This breakthrough enables enhanced light-matter interactions and perfect absorption, paving the way for advanced optical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Non-Hermitian photonics
  • Quantum optics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Complex-frequency excitation offers novel control over light-matter interactions.
  • Virtual loss has been explored for coherent perfect absorption.
  • Virtual gain in optical systems remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally demonstrate lasing-like dynamics using virtual gain in passive microcavities.
  • To investigate the role of virtual gain in counteracting material and radiation losses.
  • To explore the coexistence of lasing-like behavior and perfect absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing complex-frequency excitations in passive whispering-gallery-mode microcavities.
  • Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of virtual gain effects.
  • Analyzing transmittance, response regimes, and threshold-like phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated lasing-like dynamics in a passive microcavity via virtual gain.
  • Observed instantaneous transmittance exceeding unity, saturating at a quasi-steady value.
  • Identified a threshold-like point leading to a divergent, exponentially growing response, mimicking laser transient buildup.
  • Achieved robust coexistence of lasing-like behavior and perfect absorption, tunable by virtual gain.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual gain provides a versatile framework for manipulating non-Hermitian light-matter interactions in passive systems.
  • This approach bypasses the need for population inversion or active media, unlike traditional lasers.
  • Potential applications include advanced sensing, optical communications, and energy storage devices.