Blockchain-enabled traceability evaluation framework for mineral resource development and utilization: a fuzzy...

Effective traceability management in mineral resource development faces persistent challenges including information asymmetry, data falsification, and verification difficulties across complex value chains. This paper proposes a comprehensive blockchain-enabled traceability evaluation framework integrating distributed ledger technology with systematic assessment methodologies. A four-layer architecture encompassing data acquisition, blockchain storage, analysis processing, and evaluation application is designed to ensure data integrity throughout the mineral lifecycle. A hierarchical indicator system spanning five dimensions-traceability breadth, depth, precision, timeliness, and data credibility-is constructed, with the Analytic Hierarchy Process employed for weight determination and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation applied for performance assessment. Empirical validation through case study analysis of Huaxin Mining Group demonstrates the framework's practical applicability, yielding a comprehensive traceability score of 81.2 (Good grade). Comparative analysis reveals that blockchain-based systems achieve 96.8% data accuracy versus 82.4% for traditional approaches, with trace-back efficiency improving from 127.3 min to 4.7 min. The blockchain technology contribution ratio reaches 47.3% toward maximum traceability improvement. These findings provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for advancing transparent and accountable mineral resource governance.