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Development of the Health Coaching Quality Index: A Proposed Method for Evaluating Health Coaching Interventions
Antonio F Pagán1, Hannah Yoo2, Marleigh Hefner3
1Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States.
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
|March 2, 2026
Summary
Health Coaching (HC) quality varies significantly, with most studies showing medium or low quality. Higher quality HC interventions are linked to better health outcomes, highlighting the need for consistent, evidence-based approaches.
Area of Science:
- Health Sciences
- Behavioral Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Lifestyle-associated chronic diseases are increasing globally.
- Health Coaching (HC) is a popular intervention, but definitions and quality vary.
- Lack of consensus hinders comparison of HC interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Assess core elements in studies identifying HC interventions.
- Develop the Health Coaching Quality Index (HCQI) to evaluate HC intervention quality.
- Examine the relationship between HCQI scores and health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Integrative review of manuscripts from Scopus and PubMed.
- A priori criteria used for study inclusion (e.g., intervention studies with coaching control groups).
- Developed HCQI based on theory-driven criteria for key coaching parameters (e.g., goal setting, questioning).
Main Results:
- 54 manuscripts were analyzed; most evaluated weight, BMI, physical activity, and biomarkers.
- A majority of HC interventions were rated medium (41%) or low (35%) quality by HCQI.
- Only 24% of interventions were rated high quality, with heterogeneity in delivery and strategies.
Conclusions:
- The HCQI effectively differentiates HC intervention quality.
- Significant heterogeneity exists in HC intervention methods and consistency.
- Higher quality HC interventions showed a greater association with positive health outcomes.
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