Four New Phenolic Glycosides From the Roots of Ilex pubescens and Their Cardioprotective Effects

Four undescribed phenolic glycosides, pubescenosides V-Y (1-4), and nine known compounds (5-13) were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens. Structural elucidation was performed using various techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cardioprotective effects of the compounds were evaluated using an oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury model in H9c2 cells. At 10 µM, all compounds were nontoxic; however, compounds 5 and 12 significantly increased the cell viability, positioning them as promising lead compounds for cardioprotective drug development.