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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Motion-Compensated Diffusion Imaging With Phase-Contrast for Robust Quantification of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow.

Naoki Ohno1,2, Tosiaki Miyati2, Genki Nambu3

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.

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Summary

Second-order motion compensation in diffusion imaging with phase-contrast (MC-DIP) significantly improves regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) quantification accuracy, especially in white matter. This advanced technique enhances MRI data reliability for brain blood flow analysis.

Keywords:
diffusion‐weighted imagingintravoxel incoherent motionmotion compensationphase‐contrastregional cerebral blood flow

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

  • Physiological brain motion introduces significant errors in quantitative MRI measurements.
  • Accurate quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various neurological conditions.
  • Existing diffusion imaging techniques are susceptible to motion artifacts, limiting their precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel motion-compensated diffusion imaging with phase-contrast (MC-DIP) technique.
  • To mitigate errors in rCBF quantification caused by physiological brain motion.
  • To assess the efficacy of different motion compensation orders (first-order and second-order) in improving rCBF accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted images were acquired from 11 healthy volunteers using a 3.0T MRI system.
  • Three gradient schemes were tested: second-order motion-compensated (2nd-MC), first-order motion-compensated (1st-MC), and non-compensated (non-MC).
  • Absolute rCBF maps were generated by calibrating intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion maps with phase-contrast MRI, and compared against arterial spin labeling (ASL) reference measurements.

Main Results:

  • Both 2nd-MC and 1st-MC schemes significantly improved biexponential fitting accuracy in gray matter compared to non-MC (p < 0.05).
  • In white matter, only the 2nd-MC scheme showed a significant improvement over other methods (p < 0.05).
  • While all DIP methods correlated well with ASL in gray matter, only 2nd-MC-DIP showed a significant positive correlation in white matter (ρ = 0.69, p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Second-order motion compensation within the DIP framework significantly enhances fitting accuracy.
  • The MC-DIP technique enables more robust and reliable rCBF quantification, particularly in white matter.
  • This method offers a promising approach for improving the precision of brain blood flow measurements using MRI.