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Establishing Normative Values for the Supination Resistance Test: An International Cross-Sectional Study.

Gabriel Moisan1,2, Pier-Luc Isabelle1, Álvaro Gómez Carrión3

  • 1Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study establishes international normative values for the supination resistance test, crucial for assessing foot and ankle health. These values, stratified by age and sex, aid in clinical screening and management of musculoskeletal conditions.

Keywords:
anklebiomechanical phenomenafootphysical examinationpodiatry

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal Health
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • The supination resistance test measures the force needed to supinate the foot and ankle.
  • It shows potential for clinical applications but is underutilized due to a lack of normative data.
  • Establishing reference values is essential for its broader application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish international normative values for the supination resistance test based on age and sex.
  • To compare supination resistance across different age groups and between sexes.

Main Methods:

  • An international cross-sectional study involving 1198 healthy adults aged 18 years and older.
  • Supination resistance was measured and compared across age decades and sexes using ANCOVA, with body mass as a covariate.
  • Correlations with body mass and Foot Posture Index were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Supination resistance varied significantly with age and sex.
  • Males generally exhibited greater supination resistance than females in specific age decades.
  • Body mass was a significant factor, explaining 18.1% of the variance, while the Foot Posture Index explained only 0.3%.

Conclusions:

  • International reference values for the supination resistance test, stratified by age and sex, have been established.
  • These values have significant clinical implications for screening, monitoring, and managing foot and ankle conditions.
  • Future research should explore the link between normative values and injury risk/symptom reduction.