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Related Experiment Video

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Exploring the Associations Between Affective and Non-Affective Cognitive Domains in Mood Disorders and Healthy

Hanne Lie Kjærstad1,2, Astrid Endrup Iversen1, Maj Vinberg2,3,4

  • 1Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive impairment in mood disorders involves core deficits in working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed. Targeting these non-affective cognitive domains may improve emotion regulation and reduce mood episode risk.

Keywords:
affective cognitionbipolar disordercognitionemotion regulationmajor depressive disordermood disordersnetwork analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a key feature of mood disorders, impacting functioning and prognosis.
  • Understanding the relationship between affective and non-affective cognition is crucial for identifying treatment targets.
  • The hierarchical structure of cognitive domains in mood disorders remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the network structure of affective and non-affective cognitive domains in individuals with mood disorders and healthy controls.
  • To elucidate the relationship between emotion regulation, facial expression recognition, and core cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Network analysis of partial correlation networks.
  • Inclusion of 380 individuals with mood disorders and 225 healthy controls from prior studies.
  • Assessment of non-affective cognition (working memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, verbal learning/memory) and affective cognition (emotion regulation, facial expression recognition).

Main Results:

  • Working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed were central cognitive domains in both groups.
  • A weaker association between working memory/executive function and emotion regulation was observed in mood disorders compared to controls.
  • Facial expression recognition speed correlated with attention and processing speed across all participants.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed are fundamental cognitive domains in mood disorders.
  • Reduced cognitive control may underlie weaker emotion regulation in mood disorders.
  • Targeting both affective and non-affective cognition is vital for pro-cognitive interventions in mood disorders.