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Dual-Mode Humidity Sensing Based on Intensity and Lifetime Modulation of Yb2(MoO4)3:Er3+ Upconversion Phosphor.

Reiko Furukawa1, Takuya Hasegawa1, Tomoyo Goto2,3,4

  • 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.

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|March 3, 2026
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Summary

This study developed a novel optical humidity sensor using Er3+ doped Yb2(MoO4)3 phosphors. The material exhibits dual-mode sensing (intensity and lifetime) with high sensitivity and repeatability for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
dual-mode detectionhumidity sensinglanthanide-doped phosphorsoptical sensorupconversion luminescence

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optical Sensing
  • Luminescence

Background:

  • Optical sensors offer advantages like fast response and high sensitivity.
  • Harnessing intrinsic material properties for sensing is a key research area.
  • Yb2(MoO4)3 possesses a framework with accessible voids suitable for functional sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize Er3+ doped Yb2(MoO4)3 phosphors for dual-mode optical humidity sensing.
  • To investigate the mechanism of humidity-dependent luminescence modulation.
  • To evaluate the sensing performance, including sensitivity, repeatability, and reversibility.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermally assisted synthesis of Er3+ doped Yb2(MoO4)3 phosphors.
  • Characterization of luminescence properties (upconversion and downshifting) under 980 nm excitation.
  • Humidity-dependent optical response measurements (intensity and luminescence lifetime).

Main Results:

  • Synthesized phosphors exhibited both upconversion (UC) and downshifting (DS) luminescence.
  • Humidity exposure caused a significant decrease in UC green emission intensity and luminescence lifetime.
  • The observed changes were reversible upon dehydration, following Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Er3+ doped Yb2(MoO4)3 serves as a sensitive dual-mode optical humidity sensor.
  • The sensing mechanism relies on humidity-induced modulation of luminescence via nonradiative coupling.
  • This structure-guided design strategy enables robust optical sensing for environmental applications.