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Extreme Droughts Push Heterotrophic Functions Above Baseline Levels in a Neotropical Ecosystem.

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Intensifying droughts in Neotropics accelerate carbon cycling in tank bromeliads. Ecosystem functions like respiration and decomposition increase post-drought, especially with recolonization, releasing carbon.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Neotropical droughts are intensifying, impacting carbon (C) cycling.
  • The resilience of aquatic ecosystem functions to extreme droughts is poorly understood.
  • Tank bromeliads host unique freshwater ecosystems vulnerable to drought.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the resilience of key ecosystem functions in tank bromeliads under simulated drought conditions.
  • To understand the role of biotic recolonization in post-drought recovery of ecosystem functions.
  • To predict drought-driven feedbacks on carbon cycling in Neotropical aquatic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Rain shelters were used to emulate drought scenarios in tank bromeliads.
  • Ecosystem functions (microbial respiration, litter decomposition, photosynthetic efficiency) were quantified during rewetting.
  • Macroinvertebrate recolonization was manipulated using mosquito nets to assess its impact.

Main Results:

  • Extreme droughts (94 days) stimulated microbial respiration and litter decomposition during rewetting.
  • These heterotrophic functions increased above baseline levels post-drought.
  • Macroinvertebrate recolonization accelerated carbon processing and ecosystem multifunctionality.

Conclusions:

  • Extreme droughts can accelerate carbon cycling in tank bromeliads, particularly during rewetting.
  • Nutrient release and biotic interactions drive post-drought functional shifts.
  • Tank bromeliads may act as significant carbon sources in intensifying Neotropical droughts.