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A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

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Brightening Upconversion Nanoparticles.

Xingxu Liu^1,2, Chang Jiang^1,2, Guanying Chen^1,2

¹MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.

Accounts of Chemical Research

|March 3, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) show weak emission due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Strategies like dye sensitization and core-shell architectures significantly boost UCNP brightness for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

Nanomaterials Science
Photonics
Quantum Chemistry

Background:

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) convert near-infrared (NIR) light to higher-energy visible/UV emission via multiphoton processes.
UCNPs have applications in bioimaging, therapy, biosensing, and microscopy, but their low upconversion brightness limits widespread use.
Weak emission stems from low lanthanide absorption/radiative rates and extrinsic factors like surface quenching and concentration quenching.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and present strategies for enhancing the upconversion brightness of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles.
To highlight recent advances focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic engineering approaches.
To deepen the understanding of energy transfer dynamics for designing brighter UCNPs.

Main Methods:

Intrinsic enhancement: Coupling UCNPs with NIR-absorbing dye sensitizers for improved light harvesting.
Plasmonic coupling to accelerate radiative decay via the Purcell effect.
Extrinsic enhancement: Utilizing core-ultrathick-shell architectures and spatial separation of ions.

Main Results:

Dye sensitization achieved emission enhancements over 4 orders of magnitude.
Core-shell nanostructuring led to upconversion quantum yields (UCQYs) up to 13% and increased concentration-quenching thresholds.
Photon-avalanche processes demonstrated ultrahigh-order nonlinearities for intense upconversion emission.

Conclusions:

Both intrinsic and extrinsic engineering strategies are effective in boosting UCNP brightness.
Advanced nanostructuring and sensitization methods significantly overcome limitations of UCNPs.
These advancements pave the way for developing next-generation bright UCNPs for diverse applications.