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Differences in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics Between Prediabetes and Normoglycemia: A Systematic Review and
Gabriella Rákóczi1, Judit Nagy1, Shaghayegh Jozaee2
1Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|March 3, 2026
Summary
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can distinguish prediabetes from normal blood sugar levels. This technology offers a dynamic assessment of glucose regulation, aiding in early metabolic risk identification.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Health
- Diagnostic Technologies
Background:
- Prediabetes is often diagnosed late, progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- Current diagnostic methods (fasting glucose, A1c, OGTT) offer limited insight into glucose variability.
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides dynamic glucose data, potentially improving diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze CGM-derived metrics in prediabetes versus normoglycemia.
- To assess CGM's utility in differentiating between these glycemic states.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing CGM metrics.
- Searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases.
- Included 16 studies (1657 participants), focusing on MAGE, time above range, mean glucose, and CV.
Main Results:
- Prediabetes showed significantly higher MAGE (MD=9.41 mg/dL) compared to normoglycemia.
- Time above range (TAR%) was also elevated in prediabetes (MD=5.68%).
- 24-hour mean glucose levels were higher in individuals with prediabetes (MD=7.91 mg/dL).
Conclusions:
- CGM metrics quantitatively differentiate prediabetes from normoglycemia.
- CGM shows potential as a complementary tool for metabolic risk assessment.
- Further research is needed to establish CGM's predictive value for T2DM progression.
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