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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
446
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

294
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

388
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
388
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

457
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Methods of Documentation II: POMR01:26

Methods of Documentation II: POMR

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The Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) revolutionized medical record-keeping by introducing a systematic approach focusing on the patient's problems rather than merely listing symptoms. Dr. Lawrence Weed's introduction of this method in the 1960s marked a significant advancement in medical documentation. The POMR framework consists of four key components: the database, problem list, plan of care, and progress notes.
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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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Defining Prominauris in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review.

Jason Covone1, Gabriel C Bouhadana1, Sabrina Cugno1,2

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Université de Montréal.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Protruding ears (prominauris) lack a standard classification. This study proposes a new objective system considering age and sex for better diagnosis and surgical planning in pediatric patients.

Keywords:
Congenital adnexacraniofacial overgrowthevidence based careprominaurisprominent earrecontruction of head and necksystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Plastic Surgery
  • Craniofacial Deformities
  • Anthropometry

Background:

  • Prominauris (protruding ears) is a common pediatric craniofacial deformity.
  • Psychosocial distress is often associated with prominauris.
  • Current classification systems lack standardization and demographic considerations (age, sex).

Conclusions:

  • Current prominauris classification systems are inconsistent and lack demographic variability.
  • The proposed classification offers a simple, reproducible, and objective method.
  • This new system aims to improve diagnostic consistency and surgical decision-making for pediatric prominauris.