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Related Concept Videos

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

3.8K
Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
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¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

2.0K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
2.0K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.8K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 4, 2026

Metabolomic Analysis of Rat Brain by High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Tissue Extracts
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J-Editing Proton MR Spectroscopy for Brain Signal Separation in Methylmalonic Acidemia: A Pediatric Case-Control

Mengyuan Zhuo1, Yan Yun2, Jiaxiang Xin3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 JingWu Rd, Jinan 250021, China.

Radiology
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Optimized J-editing 1H MR spectroscopy noninvasively detects cerebral methylmalonic acid (MMA) in vivo, overcoming signal overlap issues. This method aids in diagnosing methylmalonic acidemia by distinguishing MMA from lactate signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroimaging
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation from mitochondrial dysfunction or enzyme deficiencies can cause central nervous system damage.
  • In vivo detection of MMA via conventional proton (1H) MR spectroscopy is challenging due to signal overlap with lactate and lipids.
  • Methylmalonic acidemia requires accurate diagnostic methods for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of an optimized J-editing 1H MR spectroscopy protocol for selective MMA and lactate detection.
  • To evaluate the protocol's efficacy in phantoms and in pediatric patients with methylmalonic acidemia.
  • To correlate in vivo MMA signals with established biochemical markers.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective pediatric case-control study involving 24 patients with methylmalonic acidemia and 18 controls.
  • Brain J-editing 1H MR spectroscopy was performed on all participants.
  • Phantoms with varying MMA to lactate ratios were used; correlations with blood C3/C2 ratio and urinary MMA levels were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The J-editing 1H MR spectroscopy protocol successfully differentiated MMA and lactate signals in patients' brains.
  • No abnormal MMA peaks were detected in control participants.
  • Cerebral MMA signal intensity showed significant correlation with blood C3/C2 ratio (ρ = 0.53, P = .008) and urinary MMA levels (ρ = 0.66, P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • J-editing 1H MR spectroscopy provides a reliable, noninvasive method for in vivo detection of cerebral MMA.
  • This technique effectively distinguishes MMA from overlapping lactate signals, improving diagnostic capabilities for methylmalonic acidemia.
  • The study validates the use of this advanced MR spectroscopy technique in clinical settings for metabolic disorder diagnosis.