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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...

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In Vitro Biochemical Assays using Biotin Labels to Study Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions
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High-performance bioimaging and biosensing via nucleobase-editing enzymes.

Ruomeng Li1,2, Longyingzi Xie2, Xucong Teng1

  • 1Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology, Beijing 102206, China. jhli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|March 3, 2026
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Summary

Nucleobase-editing enzymes precisely modify DNA and RNA bases. These enzymes are now repurposed for advanced biosensing and bioimaging, offering new tools for diagnostics and synthetic biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Genomics and Epigenetics
  • Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Background:

  • Nucleobases are fundamental to DNA/RNA, undergoing modifications impacting genomic stability and cellular functions.
  • Nucleobase-editing enzymes (deaminases, methyltransferases, glycosylases) perform precise base conversions, modifications, or excisions without DNA breaks.
  • These enzymes, initially studied for gene regulation and repair, are now key in biosensing and bioimaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the catalytic principles and physiological roles of nucleobase-editing enzymes.
  • To highlight the integration of these enzymes into biosensing and bioimaging applications.
  • To discuss the advantages, challenges, and future directions for nucleobase-editing enzyme-driven bioanalytical platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Outlining catalytic principles, substrate recognition, and reaction mechanisms of key nucleobase-editing enzymes.
  • Describing three integration modes: nucleobase conversion, modification/demodification, and erasure for biosensing.
  • Reviewing enzyme engineering, delivery strategies, and circuitry integration for advanced applications.

Main Results:

  • Nucleobase conversion via deamination enables reporter translation or probe hybridization.
  • Modification/demodification regulates downstream enzymatic biocatalysis or nucleic acid activation.
  • Base erasure by glycosylases facilitates probe accommodation and enzyme-catalyzed amplification.
  • Nucleobase-editing enzyme systems provide high specificity, amplification, and physiological compatibility for sensitive monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleobase-editing enzymes are versatile tools bridging enzymology and biotechnology.
  • These enzymes enable sensitive, spatiotemporally resolved monitoring of nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular processes.
  • Future advancements promise next-generation bioanalytical platforms for diagnostics, monitoring, and synthetic biology.