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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Combined In vivo Optical and µCT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice
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Infective endocarditis treated surgically: correlation between imaging, and surgical findings.

Aviram Akuka1,2, Rafael Kuperstein3,4, Hillit Cohen5

  • 1Heart Institute, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, 58100, Israel. akukamd@gmail.com.

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) shows high correlation with surgical findings in infectious endocarditis (IE). However, discrepancies, particularly with mitral valve involvement or S. viridans, were noted but did not impact surgical decisions.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusStreptococcus viridansCardiac surgeryEchocardiographyInfective endocarditisVegetation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Infectious endocarditis (IE) diagnosis heavily relies on echocardiography.
  • Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a key imaging modality for IE.
  • Understanding the concordance between TEE and surgical findings is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the correlation between transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and surgical findings in patients with infectious endocarditis (IE).
  • To identify factors associated with discrepancies between TEE and surgical findings.
  • To evaluate the clinical impact of these discrepancies on surgical appropriateness.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 80 IE patients who underwent surgery.
  • Comparison of TEE findings (vegetations, abscesses, valve involvement, vegetation size) with intraoperative surgical findings.
  • Definition of discrepancies as ≥1 infected valve, abscess, or vegetation size ≥5 mm.
  • Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • High correlation observed between TEE and surgical findings for abscess count, valve involvement, and vegetation size.
  • More vegetations were identified during surgery (19%) compared to TEE (11%).
  • Discrepancies occurred in 42.5% of patients, associated with S. viridans infection and mitral valve involvement.
  • Charlson index and vegetation size were linked to discordant findings in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • TEE is a reliable tool for assessing infectious endocarditis, showing strong correlation with surgical findings.
  • Discrepancies exist, particularly in cases of S. viridans IE or mitral valve involvement, but do not compromise surgical decision-making.
  • Despite minor differences, TEE findings guide appropriate surgical intervention for IE.