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Multicomponent Gas Standards for Hydrogen Purity Analysis According to ISO 14687 Grade D.

Verena Reiter1, Lea A Brandner1, Sebastian Scheikl1

  • 1HyCentA Research GmbH, Inffeldgasse 15, Graz A-8010, Austria.

Analytical Chemistry
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Multicomponent gas standards for hydrogen purity analysis are stable for key ISO 14687 Grade D contaminants, except for formaldehyde and formic acid. This research supports reliable quality control for fuel cell vehicles.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • ISO 14687 specifies stringent impurity limits for hydrogen fuel, particularly Grade D for fuel cell vehicles.
  • Accurate analytical methods and certified gas standards are crucial for ensuring hydrogen purity compliance.
  • Preparing individual reference standards for each contaminant is costly and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term stability of commercially prepared multicomponent gas standards containing ISO 14687 Grade D contaminants in hydrogen.
  • To provide data supporting the use of multicomponent standards for routine hydrogen purity analysis.
  • To identify contaminants with poor stability in mixed gas standards.

Main Methods:

  • Ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry (IMR-MS)
  • Electron-impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS)
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

Main Results:

  • Inert and semireactive contaminants (He, Ar, CH4, C3H8, CO2, CO, COS, halogenated compounds) demonstrated stability exceeding 6 months.
  • Ammonia (NH3) concentrations stabilized after a 60-day equilibration period.
  • Formaldehyde (CH2O) and formic acid (CH3OOH) showed complete signal loss, indicating instability in multicomponent mixtures.
  • Oxygen (O2) exhibited inconsistent stability behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Multicomponent gas standards are viable for many ISO 14687 Grade D contaminants, simplifying hydrogen quality control.
  • Formaldehyde and formic acid require separate stability considerations or alternative standard formats.
  • These findings enhance the reliability of hydrogen purity testing and support ISO 14687 compliance.