Anatomical Study and Clinical Significance of Cervical Sinuvertebral Nerves

This was a microanatomical study of human cadaveric specimens.

This study aimed to elaborate on the anatomical characteristics of the cervical sinuvertebral nerve (CSVN) and to discuss their possible clinical significance.

Cervical spondylosis (CS) is frequently associated with atypical symptoms, such as vertigo and headache, which are considered to be mediated primarily by the CSVN. While the lumbar sinuvertebral nerve has been extensively studied with respect to discogenic low back pain, the origin and distribution patterns of the CSVN remain unclear, particularly concerning their relationship with these atypical symptoms.

A microsurgical anatomical investigation was conducted on 10 human cadaveric specimens (120 intervertebral foramina). At each segmental level from C2-C3 to C7-T1, the number, origin, course, and distribution of the CSVN were observed and recorded. To ensure accuracy, all measurements were independently recorded by three observers.

A total of 656 CSVNs were identified and classified into main trunks (n=215) and deputy branches (n=441). They originated from the spinal nerve root, from the vertebral nerve, and from dual sources. The main trunks traveled medially into the spinal canal to innervate the posterior longitudinal ligament and intervertebral disc. The deputy branches were primarily distributed within the intervertebral foramina and along the surface of the vertebral artery. The CSVN's distribution on the vertebral artery was mainly concentrated on its second segment and was observed from the C2-C3 to the C5-C6 intervertebral foramina; no CSVNs were found on the vertebral artery surface from the C6-C7 to the C7-T1 intervertebral foramina.

The anatomical characteristics of the CSVN may enhance clinicians' understanding of the pathogenesis of atypical symptoms in patients with cervical spondylosis, potentially contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes.