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Design of value-based payments for pharmacist services: a scoping review
Sinaa A Al-Aqeel1, Shiekha S AlAujan1, Manar Alowaisi1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|March 3, 2026
Summary
Value-based payment (VBP) models for pharmacist services are emerging but face implementation challenges. Addressing infrastructure, documentation, and provider recognition is key for successful scaling of these innovative healthcare payment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Pharmacy Practice
- Health Economics
Background:
- Value-based payment (VBP) models are increasingly explored to incentivize healthcare providers.
- Pharmacists provide essential non-dispensing services in various settings, yet their integration into VBP models requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review summarizing published studies on the implementation of VBP models for pharmacist-provided non-dispensing services.
- To identify common VBP models, payment mechanisms, and barriers encountered in hospital and community pharmacy settings.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest for studies published between 2005 and March 2025.
- Studies describing or evaluating VBP for pharmacist services were screened, selected by at least two authors, and analyzed using narrative synthesis.
Main Results:
- Seventeen studies were included, focusing on VBP model implementation, proposals, and stakeholder perceptions.
- Common VBP methods included pay-for-performance and bundled payments, with tiered or absolute incentive structures.
- Key barriers identified were time constraints, documentation/billing complexity, inadequate data infrastructure, and lack of formal provider recognition for pharmacists.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacist-led VBP models show promise but face significant transparency issues hindering replication.
- Overcoming implementation barriers, including infrastructure development and formal provider status, is crucial for scaling VBP in pharmacy practice.
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