LDL-C target achievement after adding evinacumab in 2 patients with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia

Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a rare form of genetic hypercholesterolemia consequent to pathogenic variants in the low-density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1) gene, coding for a protein responsible for moving low-density lipoprotein-receptor (LDL-R) to its site of activity. ARH is characterized by very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), leading to aggressive and frequently premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lowering of LDL-C is the main target of treatment; however, classical lipid-lowering agents, for example, statins, frequently have a modest response, in view of their selective LDL-R-raising activity.

Among newer agents with an LDL-R-independent mechanism, evinacumab has been shown to be effective in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, but few data are available in LDLRAP1 variant carriers.

We here report 2 cases of this extremely rare form of familial hypercholesterolemia with a surprising response to evinacumab. Evinacumab was added to maximally tolerated background therapy.

In the first patient, who had severe ASCVD and a prior inadequate response to statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and lomitapide, evinacumab reduced time-averaged LDL-C by 82% (from 549 to 62 mg/dL). In the second patient, evinacumab achieved a sustained 73.8% LDL-C reduction, maintaining levels <55 mg/dL and allowing discontinuation of the PCSK9 inhibitor.

These cases demonstrate a marked and clinically meaningful LDL-C-lowering effect of evinacumab in ARH, supporting its use as an effective LDL-R-independent therapeutic option.