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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

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Single Cell Transfection in Chick Embryos
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Published on: September 26, 2010

Transcriptome Comparison Between the Cultured and In Vivo Chick Primordial Germ Cells by SMART-Seq-Based Single-Cell

Yoshiki Hayashi1, Atsushi Doi2, Hiroko Iikawa3

  • 1Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chicken primordial germ cell (PGC) cultivation shifts gene regulation, enhancing proliferation but increasing neural differentiation risk. This study reveals molecular insights into PGC development and cultivation effects.

Keywords:
chickprimordial germ celltranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are crucial for reproduction and possess unique migratory and differentiation potentials.
  • Chicken PGCs offer a rare model for long-term cultivation, aiding PGC research.
  • Cultured chicken PGCs exhibit altered proliferation and migration compared to in vivo PGCs, necessitating molecular investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the transcriptomes of in vivo and cultured chicken PGCs using single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying differences between in vivo and cultured PGCs.
  • To identify novel cell populations and understand PGC developmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • SMART-seq-based single-cell RNA sequencing was employed.
  • Transcriptomic analysis was performed on both in vivo and cultured chicken PGCs.
  • Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) were analyzed to understand molecular shifts.

Main Results:

  • PGC cultivation induced a shift from a MYC-dependent to a MYCN-dependent gene regulatory network (GRN).
  • The MYCN-dependent GRN is associated with increased proliferation and stem cell characteristics in cultured PGCs.
  • A novel cell population with germline-biased undifferentiated characteristics was identified, and the MYCN-dependent GRN was linked to increased neural differentiation risk.

Conclusions:

  • Cultivation of chicken PGCs reprograms their gene regulatory network, enhancing proliferation but potentially increasing somatic differentiation risks, particularly towards neural fates.
  • The study identified a distinct undifferentiated cell population within PGCs.
  • These findings provide fundamental molecular insights into chicken PGC development and the impact of cultivation.