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TSSP-UNet: A Two-Stage Weakly Supervised Pathological Image Segmentation With Point Annotations.

Shaoqiang Wang1, Guiling Shi1, Yuchen Wang1

  • 1Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China.

IET Systems Biology
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces TSSP-UNet, a novel two-stage weakly supervised segmentation method. It effectively improves cell nucleus segmentation accuracy using pseudo-labels and refined learning, outperforming baseline approaches.

Keywords:
image segmentationmachine learningneural network

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Area of Science:

  • Medical image analysis
  • Computer vision
  • Machine learning

Background:

  • Deep convolutional neural networks excel at image segmentation but struggle with complex instances and annotation costs.
  • Weakly supervised learning offers a solution by utilizing less precise annotations or algorithm-derived supervision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an effective two-stage weakly supervised segmentation approach for complex image segmentation tasks.
  • To address the challenges of high-precision data annotation in medical imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed TSSP-UNet, a two-stage segmentation network incorporating constraint and attention mechanisms on pseudo-labels.
  • Utilized boundary and superpixel information, along with contour enhancement via pseudo-labels and binary masks.
  • Employed a feature aggregation network for foreground segmentation and a confident learning algorithm for pseudo-label refinement.

Main Results:

  • TSSP-UNet demonstrated strong performance in weakly supervised cell nucleus segmentation.
  • The approach showed significant improvements compared to baseline methods on the MoNuSeg and TNBC datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed TSSP-UNet effectively handles complex instances and reduces annotation dependency in image segmentation.
  • This method offers a promising solution for accurate cell nucleus segmentation in challenging datasets.