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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural Populations
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Genetically encoded assembly recorder temporally resolves cellular history.

Yuqing Yan1,2,3, Jiaxi Lu1,2, Zhe Li4,5

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Nature
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed GEMINI, a novel intracellular memory device, to record individual cell histories. This technology maps cellular activity with high spatiotemporal precision, offering insights into tissue physiology and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cells dynamically alter molecular states due to internal and external signals.
  • Precise spatiotemporal mapping of cellular activity is crucial for understanding organ function, disease, and regeneration.
  • Existing cell-sensing methods are limited to static snapshots or real-time monitoring of few cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce GEMINI (Granularly Expanding Memory for Intracellular Narrative Integration), an in cellulo recording platform.
  • To develop an intracellular memory device for recording individual cell histories.
  • To enable high-resolution spatiotemporal mapping of cellular dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computationally designed protein assembly as an intracellular memory device.
  • GEMINI grows predictably within live cells, creating tree-ring-like fluorescent patterns.
  • Employed imaging-based retrospective readout for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • GEMINI captures cellular events with hour-level chronological accuracy.
  • Successfully mapped differential NFκB-mediated transcriptional changes with 15-minute resolution and quantifiable signal amplitudes.
  • Recorded inflammation-induced signaling dynamics in a xenograft model, revealing spatial heterogeneity.
  • Demonstrated minimal impact on neuronal function in the mouse brain while resolving transcriptional changes and activity patterns.

Conclusions:

  • GEMINI provides a robust and generalizable platform for spatiotemporal mapping of cell dynamics.
  • Enables retrospective analysis of cellular activity histories in individual cells.
  • Offers new possibilities for studying physiological and pathological processes in complex biological systems.