Methods to model epicardial adipose tissue-mediated atrial fibrillation

Obesity is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), partly mediated through an increased volume of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) which directly interacts with the adjacent myocardium. However, the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This narrative review explores animal models, human tissues and in vitro studies used to investigate EAT-mediated AF which can contribute to our understanding of cellular and molecular interactions and potentially elucidate new therapeutic targets.