Cardiovascular health ("Life's Essential 8"), risk of depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study

There is a growing interest in the linkage of cardiovascular health (CVH) with depression/anxiety but the evidence of "Life's Essential 8" CVH score is scarce. We evaluated the associations of CVH score with risk of incident depression/anxiety among ~0.4 million participants. During follow-up, 17,554 incident events with symptoms of either disorder were recorded. Per 100-point decrease in CVH score was associated with an increased risk of incident either disorder (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.133, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.114-1.153), depression (HR = 1.205, 95% CI:1.180-1.231), and anxiety (HR = 1.042, 95% CI:1.017-1.069). Per 100-point decrease in health assessments or health behaviors was associated with an increased risk of incident either disorder (HR_{health assessments} = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.058-1.113, HR_{health behaviors} = 1.217, 95% CI: 1.186-1.250). Poor CVH is a risk factor for the incident late-life depression/anxiety symptoms of middle-aged and older adults, and healthy behaviors could be targeted for the risk assessment and intervention of depression/anxiety.