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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound01:19

Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound

To obtain accurate blood pressure measurements in clinical settings, especially when traditional methods are insufficient, healthcare professionals utilize the Doppler ultrasound technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow within the arteries, which is crucial for patients with conditions that complicate circulatory system assessment.
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a clinically oriented narrative review.

Quan Dang1, Sonya Burgess2,3, Peter J Psaltis4,5,6

  • 1Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

NPJ Cardiovascular Health
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a key cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), particularly in young women. Further research is needed due to limited clinical trial data on this complex condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a significant cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
  • SCAD disproportionately affects younger female patients and is linked to pregnancy and postpartum states.
  • Despite increased research, SCAD remains poorly understood with limited high-quality clinical trial evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of SCAD.
  • To discuss SCAD's pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • To identify critical areas for future research in SCAD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SCAD-focused research.
  • Synthesis of existing data on SCAD pathophysiology and clinical aspects.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • SCAD is an under-recognized cause of ACS with specific demographic associations.
  • Current understanding is limited by a lack of robust clinical trial data.
  • Evidence synthesis highlights the need for further investigation into SCAD mechanisms and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • SCAD requires further dedicated research to improve patient outcomes.
  • Future studies should focus on randomized controlled trials to guide management.
  • Enhanced understanding of SCAD pathophysiology is crucial for developing targeted therapies.