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Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FL5 Inhibits Helicobacter pylori by Regulating Gastric Microbiota and NF-κB Signaling

Jialin Wang1, Pengyuan Pan1, Hailing Wang1

  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|March 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FL5 effectively combats H. pylori infection by inhibiting urease and reducing bacterial colonization. Its inactivated form shows enhanced immunomodulatory effects, offering a promising alternative therapy for gastritis.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Probiotics and Gut Health

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of severe gastropathies.
  • Increasing antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Probiotics offer a potential alternative for managing H. pylori-associated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FL5 as an antagonist against H. pylori.
  • To investigate the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic potential of L. paracasei FL5 and its inactivated derivative (IFL5).
  • To elucidate the immunomodulatory mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assessment of L. paracasei FL5's antagonistic properties, including coaggregation, hydrophobicity, and urease inhibition.
  • Analysis of secreted metabolites for bacterial lysis and urease inhibition.
  • In vivo study using a mouse model of H. pylori-induced gastritis to evaluate FL5 and IFL5 effects on colonization, oxidative stress, mucosal repair, and immune response (TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway).

Main Results:

  • L. paracasei FL5 demonstrated potent H. pylori antagonism with high coaggregation (97.93%), hydrophobicity (>50%), and significant urease inhibition (77.58%).
  • FL5 and IFL5 treatments reduced H. pylori colonization, regulated oxidative stress, and repaired the gastric mucosal barrier in vivo.
  • IFL5 exhibited superior inhibition of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling compared to live FL5, indicating retained immunomodulatory activity.

Conclusions:

  • Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FL5 is a potent H. pylori antagonist with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Both live FL5 and its inactivated form (IFL5) effectively manage H. pylori-induced gastritis by modulating microbial homeostasis and immune responses.
  • The retained immunomodulatory activity of inactivated FL5 highlights its promise as a stable and effective therapeutic agent.
Keywords:
Helicobacter pyloriLacticaseibacillus paracaseiantimicrobial activitygastric mucosal barrier recoverymicrobiota modulation

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