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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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Reversible, Photo-Induced Lattice Distortions in Halide Perovskites.

Mansha Dubey1, Bekir Turedi2,3, Andrii Kanak2,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Soft-lattice halide perovskites exhibit reversible photoinduced lattice distortions. This discovery highlights their potential for novel optical and strain-driven switchable photonic devices.

Keywords:
X‐ray diffractionhalide perovskitephotoinduced lattice distortionsingle crystal

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Published on: October 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Soft-lattice halide perovskites (HPs) are promising semiconductor materials.
  • Strain engineering in HPs enhances stability and phase purity.
  • Understanding photoexcitation-driven lattice dynamics is crucial for device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate transient lattice distortions in single-crystal HPs under photoexcitation.
  • Characterize the relationship between pump power and lattice deformation.
  • Explore the potential of HPs in electrostriction and switchable photonic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized X-ray probing techniques to analyze lattice distortions.
  • Studied single crystals of MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3, and CsPbBr3.
  • Varied excitation power to demonstrate reversible and hysteresis-free distortion.

Main Results:

  • Observed reversible, hysteresis-free photoinduced lattice distortion in HPs.
  • CsPbBr3 showed high resilience (0.062% lattice change), while organic HPs (MAPbBr3 up to 0.3%) exhibited stronger photocarrier interaction and elastic distortion.
  • Distortion was found to be pump-power dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Photoinduced lattice distortion in HPs is reversible and controllable via pump power.
  • HPs demonstrate suitability as building blocks for electrostriction devices.
  • Findings pave the way for HPs in optical and strain-driven switchable photonic devices.