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Microscopic Findings in Primary Teeth Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency.

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Vitamin D deficiency can cause dental problems like abscesses, even without bone issues. Early detection of oral signs is key for diagnosis and treatment of this deficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Biomineralization
  • Nutritional Deficiencies

Background:

  • Rickets, a condition from vitamin D deficiency, typically presents with skeletal issues but can manifest orally with recurrent dental abscesses.
  • Oral symptoms may suggest hereditary rickets, even without skeletal abnormalities or a confirmed genetic cause.
  • Dental tissue analysis is crucial for diagnosing conditions like vitamin D deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a child with oral manifestations suggestive of hereditary rickets.
  • To highlight the role of dental tissue analysis in diagnosing vitamin D deficiency.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing oral signs for early rickets diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A 4-year-old male with spontaneous dental abscesses had three primary teeth analyzed.
  • Techniques included micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
  • Biochemical testing confirmed vitamin D deficiency.

Main Results:

  • Dental analyses revealed enlarged pulp chambers, pulpal calcifications, interglobular dentine, and hypomineralized enamel.
  • An irregular dentino-enamel junction and variable mineral composition were observed, indicating defective biomineralization.
  • Vitamin D deficiency was confirmed biochemically, with clinical improvement after supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency significantly disrupts enamel and dentine development and mineralization.
  • Impaired dental hard tissues increase the risk of spontaneous dental abscesses.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential upon identifying oral manifestations of vitamin D deficiency.