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Related Concept Videos

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Bacteriophage Therapy: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives.

Zihe Zhou1, Hanyu Fu2, Mengzhe Li3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phage therapy offers a promising alternative to antibiotics for combating antimicrobial resistance. This review explores clinical applications, advanced strategies like phage-antibiotic synergy, and challenges in implementing phage-based treatments.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancehospital‐acquired infectionsphage therapyphage‐based vaccinesphage–antibiotic synergy

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health crisis necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Bacteriophages (phages) are emerging as a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics.
  • This review focuses on the clinical translation and advanced applications of phage therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging phage therapy applications.
  • To discuss advanced strategies for enhancing phage efficacy and delivery.
  • To highlight challenges and future directions for clinical implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on phage therapy.
  • Analysis of advanced phage engineering techniques and delivery systems.
  • Examination of phage applications in treating multidrug-resistant infections and hospital-acquired infections.

Main Results:

  • Phage therapy shows potential in treating multidrug-resistant infections, preventing hospital-acquired infections, and developing vaccines.
  • Strategies like phage-antibiotic synergy and biomaterial-enhanced delivery improve phage stability and efficacy.
  • Genetic engineering can broaden phage host range and convert temperate phages to lytic variants.

Conclusions:

  • Phage therapy presents a transformative potential for addressing the AMR crisis.
  • Further research and development are needed to overcome challenges in pharmacokinetics, standardization, and regulatory approval.
  • Phage-based interventions offer diverse applications from infection treatment to prevention and vaccine development.