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Real-world Data on Adult Status Epilepticus from Latin America: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in a Mexican
Irene Gómez-Oropeza1,2, María F Castelo-Pablos1, Iracema Santizo-Nanduca3
1Epilepsy Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico.
Background:
Status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency in neurology practice. Latin America faces a disproportionate epilepsy burden; little data is available on this population type.
Objective:
To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and functional outcomes of adult patients with SE in a tertiary neurological center in Mexico City.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 103 adult patients diagnosed with SE from 2020 to 2024. Functional outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with scores 0-2 classified as favorable. Severity was assessed with the STESS. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression were used to identify variables related to outcomes.
Results:
The median patient age was 36 (IQR 18-79), with 50.5% of patients being female. Most had a prior diagnosis of epilepsy (80.6%). Convulsive SE (74.8%) and acute symptomatic etiologies (70.9%) were predominant. Infections were the leading cause among acute symptomatic cases (35%). Refractory SE occurred in 41.7% of cases, and 14.6% progressed to super-refractory SE. Favorable outcomes were significantly associated with prior epilepsy (p = 0.032), and SE subtype (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis confirmed prior epilepsy as an independent predictor of good outcome (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.87; p = 0.004).
Conclusions:
This study offers the most extensive characterization of SE in a Mexican center. Infectious etiologies dominate the clinical landscape, with functional outcome linked to baseline epilepsy history and SE subtype.
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