A comprehensive review on seroepidemiology and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E Virus in Iran

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global threat to human health. The virus can cause acute liver disease in infected people, and although it is self-limiting in most people infected, it can cause serious liver problems and even death in some individuals, including pregnant women. HEV has eight genotypes, but usually four of its genotypes have been reported to cause infection in humans. Hepatitis E is expected to cause 20 million infections worldwide in a year, with 3.3 million symptomatic cases and about 44000 deaths. It's considered endemic in many developing countries, and poses a threat to global health. Mortality among pregnant women and newborns also highlights the importance of the control of the virus and the need for comprehensive techniques to monitor and reduce its spread. One way of transmitting HEV is through contaminated water and food, especially in the event of flooding. In addition, products of raw or undercooked meat from animals such as pigs and camels are likely to be a problem in developed countries. With close monitoring, the global prevalence of HEV can be reduced. It can also be significantly controlled with the availability of effective vaccines and improved hygiene standards. This review focuses on the molecular virology of HEV, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, transmission routes and treatment options.