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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light bulb,...
Newton’s Method01:30

Newton’s Method

Newton’s Method is a powerful iterative technique for approximating the roots of real-valued, differentiable functions, particularly when analytical solutions are impractical. This approach is widely used in scientific computing, engineering, and finance, where equations may be too complex for traditional algebraic methods to handle. The method relies on an iterative process that refines an initial estimate using the function’s derivative to approach the true solution progressively.

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Mitigating Fraud in Online Surveys: A Methodological Approach.

Karen M Towne1,2,3, Barbara Polivka1

  • 1University of Kansas School of Nursing, USA.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details methods to improve online survey data quality by identifying and mitigating fraudulent responses. Implementing an eight-step protocol proactively deters and detects suspicious data in research surveys.

Keywords:
data collectiondata qualityfraud—prevention and controlinternet methodologynursingonline researchonline surveyresearchscamsurvey fraudweb-survey design

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Area of Science:

  • Data Science
  • Research Methodology
  • Survey Design

Background:

  • Online surveys offer efficient data collection but face challenges like fraudulent responses, particularly when using crowdsourcing platforms.
  • Platforms like Research Match and Prolific present unique recruitment benefits and pitfalls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe strategies for enhancing an online REDCap survey to identify and mitigate fraudulent and suspicious responses.
  • To present a methodology for fortifying online data collection against data integrity threats.

Main Methods:

  • A two-pronged approach was employed, focusing on initial design limitations and evidence-based redesign.
  • Strategies included implementing scam alert features, modifying study design, improving survey structure, and considering crowdsourcing platform specifics.

Main Results:

  • An eight-step data cleaning protocol was developed and implemented in collaboration with institutional review board and REDCap experts.
  • Multiple data cleaning steps identified the same fraudulent records, indicating that fraudulent data often exhibits several suspicious indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Online data collection presents opportunities alongside risks of compromised data quality and wasted resources.
  • Proactive, evidence-based protocols are essential for deterring and detecting fraudulent results early to ensure data integrity.