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Confidential Career Advising for Medical Students: A Qualitative Study
Hannah Archibald1, Tianyu Chen2, Heather Whelan3
1California Pacific Medical Center's Internal Medicine Residency Program, San Francisco, California, USA.
The Clinical Teacher
|March 4, 2026
Summary
Confidential career advisors build trusting relationships with medical students, supporting their values and helping them explore specialty fit. This advising model addresses unique student needs in career decision-making.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Career Development
- Psychology
Background:
- Medical students face complex career decisions and residency applications.
- Conflicting faculty roles create challenges in specialty selection.
- Limited research exists on confidential advising for medical students.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore student and faculty perceptions of confidential career advising.
- To understand how confidential advisors facilitate career exploration and decision-making.
- To examine the role of confidential advising within a comprehensive program.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative study using interviews with 12 fourth-year medical students and 9 faculty confidential career advisors.
- Data collected between October 2022 and 2023 at the University of California, San Francisco.
- Thematic analysis guided by social cognitive career theory (SCCT) principles.
Main Results:
- Trusting relationships allowed students to share openly about goals and identity.
- Advising strengthened by supporting students' personal values.
- Conversations promoted student-specialty fit by helping students visualize future careers.
Conclusions:
- Confidential advising meets unique student needs unmet by traditional advising.
- Medical schools can consider implementing similar confidential advising models.
- Future research should focus on advisor training and long-term outcomes.
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