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Electroreductive Nickel Catalysis Enabled Giese Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Tertiary Alkyl Bromides
Jin-Yu Zhang1,2, Youliang He1,2, Ping Fang2
1State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization For Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R. China.
Abstract:
We report a nickel-catalyzed electroreductive Giese hydroalkylation of unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides with electron-deficient alkenes. The transformation proceeds under mild, constant-current conditions in a simple undivided cell, employing an iron sacrificial anode and an accessible nickel/bipyridine catalyst system. This protocol features broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance, and high efficiency, enabling the late-stage modification of structurally complex molecules and pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic investigations-including cyclic voltammetry and deuterium-labeling experiments-indicate that the reaction operates through a Ni(I)/Ni(II) redox cycle that mediates single-electron activation of tertiary alkyl bromides. The resulting alkyl radicals undergo conjugate addition to electron-deficient alkenes, followed by cathodic reduction and protonation to furnish the hydroalkylation products.
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