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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

12.5K
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
12.5K
Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes02:37

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

14.3K
Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
14.3K
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation02:34

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

18.5K
Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
18.5K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

9.2K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
9.2K
Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

11.4K

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
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Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

22.2K
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
22.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

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Acrylamides from alkynes: a synthetic overview.

Shivam Bhargav1, Akash Singh1, Ashirwad Divedi1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025, Uttar Pradesh, India. jawaharlj@bbau.ac.in.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers catalytic methods for converting alkynes into nitrogen-containing compounds like acrylamides. It highlights recent metal-catalyzed and metal-free approaches for synthesizing valuable organic molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitrogen-containing compounds are vital in pharmaceuticals and materials.
  • Efficient synthesis of these compounds from simple precursors like alkynes is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse catalytic strategies for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds from alkynes.
  • To highlight recent advancements in metal-catalyzed and metal-free methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of catalytic hydroamination, hydroboration, and carbonylation reactions.
  • Review of transition metal catalysts (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Pd) and metal-free systems.
  • Analysis of methodologies published within the last 15 years.

Main Results:

  • Diverse catalytic approaches enable the incorporation of nitrogen from various sources (amines, nitriles) into alkynes.
  • Acrylamides and other valuable nitrogenous compounds can be synthesized with controlled selectivity.
  • Both metal-mediated and metal-free transformations offer efficient synthetic routes.

Conclusions:

  • Catalytic methods provide powerful tools for synthesizing nitrogen-containing organic molecules.
  • Precise control over selectivity and functional group compatibility is crucial for successful transformations.
  • Recent advances offer expanded possibilities for alkyne functionalization in organic synthesis.