Full-Photolithographic High-Density Skin-Like Transistor Arrays for All-Organic Active-Matrix Displays

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are widely recognized as promising building blocks for next-generation flexible and wearable electronics. However, scalable fabrication of high-density OTFT arrays for active-matrix applications remains highly challenging, primarily due to the incompatibility of conventional photolithography with organic semiconductors. Here, we report an all-photolithographic strategy that enables the scalable fabrication of flexible OTFT arrays with both high device density and superior charge transport characteristics. By combining synergistic interfacial modulation and dual-protection photolithography strategy of organic semiconductors, we successfully fabricated transistor arrays exhibiting an average mobility above 1.0 cm² V^-1 s^-1 and on/off ratios of ~ 10⁵. This scalable method further enables an integration density of 6.25 × 10⁴ cm^-2, which is one of the highest densities reported to date for full-photolithographic OTFT active-matrix arrays. Moreover, we demonstrate seamless integration of OTFT active-matrix arrays with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), yielding all-organic active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) arrays. These devices exhibit stable electroluminescence, ultralight weight (~ 24.3 g m^-2), excellent flexibility, and skin-like display functionality with reliable pixel-level addressing. This work establishes a universal and scalable route toward high-density organic electronic systems, opening new opportunities for flexible displays, electronic skin, and next-generation wearable technologies.