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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
687
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

ADSC-sheet Transplantation to Prevent Stricture after Extended Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
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Risk Factors for Esophageal Stricturing Status Post Total Laryngectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Jordan Stellern1,2, Michaele Francesco Corbisiero3,4, Gregory Burnet4

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA. Jordan.stellern@med.usc.edu.

Dysphagia
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Esophageal strictures after total laryngectomy are common. Prior radiation, laryngopharyngectomy, advanced tumors, and tobacco use increase risk, informing preventative strategies for head and neck cancer patients.

Keywords:
DysphagiaEsophageal StrictureHead and Neck NeoplasmsLaryngectomyRisk Factors

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Esophageal strictures are a significant complication post-total laryngectomy, impacting quality of life.
  • High recurrence rates necessitate identification of risk factors for improved management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze risk factors for esophageal stricture formation after total laryngectomy.
  • To inform preventative strategies and guide multidisciplinary decision-making for head and neck cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines with searches in Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science.
  • One-sample meta-analysis using a random-effects model with meta-regression to evaluate covariates.
  • Inclusion of 48 studies encompassing 4,919 total laryngectomies and 996 strictures.

Main Results:

  • Overall esophageal stricture rate of 20.25% post-total laryngectomy.
  • Higher stricture rates associated with prior radiation (23%), laryngopharyngectomy (26%), hypopharyngeal tumors, advanced nodal disease (N2/N3), and mechanical closure (p < 0.01).
  • Tobacco/nicotine use showed a modest association with increased stricture rates (19%).

Conclusions:

  • Identified clinicopathologic and technical factors associated with post-laryngectomy esophageal strictures.
  • Observed substantial between-study heterogeneity, with meta-regression explaining some variability.
  • Findings may guide risk counseling and surgical technique selection, but prospective studies are needed.