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N6-methyladenine DNA modification modulates pathogen virulence in nematodes.

Dadong Dai1,2,3, Shurong Zhang1,2, Boyan Hu1,2

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

N6-methyladenine (6 mA) epigenetic regulation is widespread in plant-parasitic nematodes. Targeting 6 mA demethylases, like MiNMAD-1, enhances plant resistance to root-knot nematodes by reducing virulence gene expression.

Keywords:
DNA 6 mARKNspathogen virulence

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • N6-methyladenine (6 mA) regulates gene expression under stress.
  • The role of 6 mA in pathogen virulence is largely unknown.
  • Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are significant agricultural pests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and genomic distribution of 6 mA in RKNs.
  • To identify and characterize 6 mA demethylases in RKNs.
  • To assess the role of 6 mA demethylases in RKN virulence and plant-nematode interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic mapping of 6 mA across 17 nematode isolates.
  • Identification and characterization of 6 mA demethylases (MiNMAD-1, MiNMAD-2).
  • Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) of minmad-1 and assessment of plant resistance.

Main Results:

  • 6 mA is widespread in nematodes with a conserved GAG motif but species-specific patterns.
  • Enrichment of 6 mA in transposable elements differs between polyploid and diploid RKNs.
  • Knockdown of minmad-1 reduced RKN virulence gene expression and increased plant resistance.

Conclusions:

  • 6 mA demethylase (MiNMAD-1) is a key epigenetic regulator of RKN virulence.
  • 6 mA epigenetic regulation impacts nematode parasitic stage gene expression.
  • Targeting 6 mA demethylases offers potential for sustainable RKN control strategies.