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Pairing taguchi based design of experiment with response surface methodology for diesel engine performance
Muhammad Usman Zafar1, Heba G Mohamed2, Khaled Alnamasi3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan.
Plos One
|March 4, 2026
Summary
This study shows magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles improve diesel engine efficiency by enhancing biodiesel blends. Optimal performance was achieved with moderate biodiesel and MgO, leading to significant fuel economy and cost savings.
Area of Science:
- Engineering
- Materials Science
- Sustainable Energy
Background:
- Growing demand for diesel engines necessitates sustainable fuel alternatives.
- Biodiesel offers environmental and economic advantages over fossil fuels.
- Nanoparticle additives can potentially enhance biodiesel-diesel blend performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on diesel engine performance using biodiesel blends.
- To optimize engine parameters for maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and minimum brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC).
- To assess the economic viability of using MgO nanoparticles in biodiesel-diesel blends.
Main Methods:
- Experimental analysis of a four-cylinder diesel engine under varied conditions (speed, load, blend ratio, MgO concentration).
- Application of Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization.
- Variation of biodiesel percentage (0-20%), engine load (25-75%), and MgO dosage (0-0.04g).
Main Results:
- MgO nanoparticles enhanced combustion, increasing BTE and decreasing BSFC.
- Maximum BTE of 23.54% achieved at 12% biodiesel, 75% load, 1200 RPM, and 0.04g MgO.
- Minimum BSFC of 306.983 g/kWh achieved at 8% biodiesel, 25% load, 1200 RPM, and 0.04g MgO.
- Optimal performance observed with 12-16% biodiesel and 0.04g MgO between 800-1600 RPM.
- RSM analysis indicated 7% cost savings in the automotive sector and 5% in heavy-duty applications.
Conclusions:
- Biodiesel blends with MgO nanoparticles significantly improve diesel engine thermal efficiency and fuel economy.
- The Taguchi-RSM approach provides a robust and cost-effective method for engine performance analysis.
- MgO nanoparticles represent a promising additive for sustainable diesel fuel formulations.
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