A standardized osteometric method for identifying Iberian raptors from skeletal remains

Area of Science:

• Ornithology
• Forensic Science
• Conservation Biology

Background:

• Raptors face high mortality from human activities like electrocution and lead poisoning.
• Accurate identification of raptor species from skeletal remains is crucial for conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a standardized osteometric method for identifying raptor species using skeletal remains.
• To create a reliable protocol for species identification from incomplete remains.

Main Methods:

• A database of 853 Iberian raptor specimens (26 species) was created, measuring 9 bones.
• Multiple linear regression and canonical discriminant analysis were used for data analysis and correction.
• Cross-validation and external radiographic verification were employed to validate the model.

Main Results:

• The tarsometatarsus-ulna bone combination achieved a 94.53% success rate in species identification.
• Combining tarsometatarsus, ulna, and femur measurements resulted in a 99.45% classification accuracy.
• Blind verification using radiographs confirmed a 100% success rate with the tarsometatarsus-ulna model.

Conclusions:

• The developed osteometric method is a simple, replicable protocol for identifying raptor species from skeletal remains.
• This method enhances the monitoring of raptor mortality and supports conservation initiatives.
• Accurate species identification is vital for effective raptor protection programs.