Recent advances in ROS-modulating materials for sepsis treatment

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Immunology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Sepsis involves uncontrolled immune responses and dysregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
• While moderate ROS are crucial for immune function, excessive ROS cause oxidative damage and organ failure.
• Nanomaterials offer novel strategies to modulate ROS dynamics for sepsis management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in ROS-modulating materials for sepsis treatment.
• To discuss ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging systems, including extracorporeal hemoperfusion.
• To analyze their mechanisms, targeting, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ROS-modulating materials and therapies in sepsis.
• Analysis of ROS-generating nanomaterials (nanozymes, photosensitizers, sonosensitizers).
• Evaluation of ROS-scavenging materials (enzymes, nanozymes, polyphenols) and hemoperfusion.

Main Results:

• ROS-generating materials precisely eliminate pathogens and combat antibiotic resistance.
• ROS-scavenging materials restore redox balance and protect tissues from oxidative stress.
• Extracorporeal hemoperfusion offers continuous ROS removal from the bloodstream.

Conclusions:

• ROS-modulating materials present a promising therapeutic avenue for sepsis.
• Balancing ROS generation and scavenging is key to effective sepsis treatment.
• Further research is needed to address biocompatibility and translational challenges for clinical application.