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Bronchiectasis: Past insights, present clinical evidence, and future research pathways
Ramez M Halaseh1, Ma'moon Al-Ahmad2, Leela Krishna Teja Boppana3
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Respiratory Medicine
|March 4, 2026
Summary
Bronchiectasis, a chronic lung disease with increasing prevalence, involves airway dilation and inflammation. Current research focuses on understanding its diverse causes and phenotypes for personalized treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Chronic Airway Diseases
Background:
- Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition marked by irreversible airway dilation, persistent inflammation, and recurrent infections.
- Global prevalence is rising, exceeding 1,400 cases per 100,000 in some areas, linked to increased awareness.
- The disease presents significant heterogeneity in causes and clinical presentation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of bronchiectasis.
- To discuss current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and etiologies.
- To explore evolving management strategies and therapeutic innovations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advancements in bronchiectasis research.
- Analysis of diagnostic improvements in imaging, microbiology, and biomarker profiling.
- Synthesis of emerging therapeutic approaches, including biologics and targeted therapies.
Main Results:
- Diagnostic accuracy has improved, identifying distinct endotypes like neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation.
- Therapeutic strategies are shifting towards personalized medicine.
- Innovations include airway clearance techniques, inhaled antibiotics, biologics, and neutrophil-targeted treatments.
Conclusions:
- Bronchiectasis management is advancing with a deeper understanding of its heterogeneity.
- Personalized treatment approaches are becoming central to managing this complex chronic lung disease.
- Ongoing research continues to refine diagnosis and treatment for improved patient outcomes.
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