An RRA Perspective on Quantum Computing and Blockchain in Radiology: Emerging Paradigms for Data Integrity and...

Radiology is increasingly defined by its reliance on complex data, advanced computation, and secure information exchange. Among the emerging technologies are quantum computing and blockchain, which, though originating outside the traditional radiologic workflow, have the potential to transform how imaging data is processed, analyzed, and shared. Quantum computing could accelerate key tasks such as image reconstruction, radiomics analysis, and AI model training by leveraging superposition and entanglement. Blockchain offers a decentralized architecture for ensuring data integrity, provenance, and verifiable access in contexts such as multi-reader interpretations, patient-controlled imaging exchange, and research tracking. These technologies may also converge, raising the importance of developing quantum-resistant blockchain solutions to safeguard privacy and trust as quantum systems mature. As part 5 of the Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) review series on emerging technologies, this paper provides an accessible overview of quantum computing and blockchain, equipping radiologists with the tools to critically engage with the digital innovations shaping the future of the specialty.